NEW YORK — They exist for only seconds at most
in real life, but they have gained immortality in chemistry: Two new elements
have been added to the periodic table.
The elements were recognized by an international
committee of chemists and physicists. They’re called elements 114 and 116 for
now — permanent names and symbols will be chosen later.
Youare not likely to run into these particles:
Scientists make them in labs by smashing atoms of other elements together to
create the new ones.
“Our experiments last for many weeks, and
typically, we make an atom every week or so,’’ said chemist Ken Moody of the
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, wh is part of the discovery team.
In contrast to more familiar elements like
carbon, gold, and tin, the new ones are short-lived. Atoms of 114 disintegrate
within a few seconds, while 116 disappears in just a fraction of a second,
Moody said.
Both elements were discovered by a collaboration
of scientists from Livermore and Russia.
They made them by smashing calcium ions into
atoms of plutonium or another element, curium.
The official recognition, announced last week,
cites experiments done in 2004 and 2006.
In the periodic table, the number of an element
refers to the number of protons in the nucleus of an individual atom. Leading
the list is hydrogen (H) with one. Sodium (Na) has 11, iron (Fe) has 26, and
silver (Ag) has 47.
In the past 250 years, new elements have been
added to the table about once every 2 1/2 years on average, said Paul Karol of
Carnegie Mellon University.